Writing Room: The Rhetorician in the White House — How I Learned to Love the Passive Voice

Our ever-shrinking globe. NASA photo.

Our ever-shrinking globe. NASA.

By Barbara Falconer Newhall

The passive sentence gets a bad rap — it’s weak, it’s vague, it’s passive. But in the hands of a skilled rhetorician like President Obama, a neatly turned passive sentence is just what our ever-shrinking world needs right now.

But first, what’s a passive sentence? I think of it as a sentence in which the subject — the doer or agent – is obscured. (More on the passive voice and its passive cousins in my post of June 19.)

Notice how Obama put the passive sentence to good use on June 4 during his Cairo speech to the Arab world. Of the war in Iraq, he says:

“Unlike Afghanistan, Iraq was a war of choice that provoked strong differences in my country and around the world.”

  • Here, the President – tactfully – avoids placing blame for the Iraq war on George W. Bush and his followers. He declares the Iraq war “a war of choice” — but he does not name the “chosers.” Thus, Obama avoids offending Republicans as well as any American voters out there who might have supported Bush and his war.
  • With the phrase, “strong differences,” Obama puts his Arab listeners on notice that not all Americans supported the war — again, without painting its supporters as egregiously wrong-headed.

Later in Obama’s Cairo speech, he directs his comments to the Muslim world:

“Among some Muslims, there’s a disturbing tendency to measure one’s own faith by the rejection of somebody else’s faith.”

 Here again, Obama avoids an accusatory tone:

  • He does not use “Muslims” as the subject of the sentence. He lets the noun “tendency” take the rap.
  • He softens the verb “reject” by turning it into a noun – “rejection.”
  • He does not stir up old resentments by naming Jews and Christians as the object of Muslim censure. He simply says “somebody else.”

The trouble with a passive sentence, of course, is it lacks punch. It can put a reader right to sleep. Obama knows this. He keeps his listeners awake by plugging in strong, precise verbs: Provoke. Remind. Resolve. Measure. Reject.

 How did Obama get so smart? More on that next time.

© 2009 Barbara Falconer Newhall

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Writing Room: Making Friends with the Passive Voice and Its Cousins

Snapdragons in June. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

Snapdragon "Sonnet Mix" flourishing in our yard. These two colors are a little heavy-handed for my taste. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

By Barbara Falconer Newhall

Writing teachers have been warning us against using the passive voice since high school. And rightly so. Passive sentences can be wordy and vague. But they can also come in handy.

What’s a passive sentence? One way to think of it is a sentence that omits or obscures the doer of the action — the agent

For starters, a sentence is passive if it has a passive voice verb:

“The camellias were pruned last month.”

Yawn. Give that sentence a living, breathing subject — a doer — and it comes alive:

“Jillian, our dynamo gardener, pruned the camellias last month.”

Some sentences just feel passive. For example, any sentence that starts out “There is” risks passivity. Compare:

Boring:There are snapdragons thriving in my front yard.”

Snappier: “Snapdragons thrive in my front yard.”

Last year's pansies came up again this spring. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

Last year's pansies came up again this spring. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

Turning a verb into a noun and making it into the subject is another good way to squeeze the life out of a sentence:

Boring:Planting pansies is how I spent the day.”

Engaging:I spent the day planting pansies.”

Still, the passive voice has its uses. Sometimes it helps the reader out by keeping the subject of a sentence short and sweet:

Murky: Surpressing seed germination with a layer of newspaper, then covering it with dirt, horse manure and pea-sized redwood bark solved our weed problem.

Clearer: Our weed problem was solved by putting down a layer of newspaper to supress seed germination, then covering it with dirt, horse manure and pea-sized redwood bark.

Redwood bark keeps the weeds down around this Gerbera Sunburst from Monterey Bay Nursery. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

Redwood bark keeps the weeds down around our "Gerbera Sunburst Coral Pink." c 2009 B.F. Newhall

You can also enlist the passive voice to avoid placing blame:

 ”Dad served our dinner late.”

That’s a perfectly good sentence with nice narrative tension. But if you’re trying to stay on Dad’s good side and don’t mind a little obscurantism, you could say:

“We were served our dinner late.”

President Obama is a master of the well crafted passive sentence. More on him next time.

Meanwhile, pls send along any funny, pithy, lame or obscurantist passive sentences you come across in your reading – or writing!

© 2009 Barbara Falconer Newhall

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GodsBigBlog: Why Meditate — When I Could Be Sweeping the Garage?

c 2009 B.F. Newhall

Not quite ready for dead-heading. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

By Barbara Falconer Newhall

I’ve tried meditating a few times – a very few times. I’m well read on the subject, however. Indeed, I’ve spent way more time reading about meditation than I’ve spent doing it.

Why would I want to just sit there observing my mind, I reason, when I could be outdoors pulling dead blossoms off the shamelessly prolific rhododendron in our front yard? Those blossoms snap off their stems with such a satisfying pop.

(I do nothing to make that plant bloom. Yet year after year it sucks up dirt and rainwater and blasts dozens of grandiose purple-blue blossoms into our tiny  front yard. Hardly anybody notices this plant or its outrageous flowers. It produces them anyway.)

So – why would I want to just sit there, meditating? I could be calling my son in Minneapolis, my fingers still sticky with rhododendron sap, to ask how his appendectomy scars are healing. I could be phoning my daughter – were there any cute guys at the wedding in Kansas City last weekend? I could be at the kitchen sink in my 91-year-old mother’s apartment, washing her dishes. I could be having fun.

People like Sylvia Boorstein make a great case for the practice of meditation. Her book, Don’t Just Do Something, Sit There, is one of my favorite ways to think about meditating without actually doing it.

Sylvia is very convincing, but the sitting vs. doing trade-off has never worked for me. Sit quietly for a half hour? I’d rather be sorting laundry or brooming cobwebs off the windows in the garage. I like the physical world, right down to clean socks and window sills speckled with dead fruit flies.

A life is to be lived. And for the time being I’ve got one. Why would I want to spend any of it sitting there watching my thoughts go by – when I could be out in the world, generating new ones?

Yet – right now I’m thinking maybe a little meditating could do me some good.

Last week, a friend gave me a copy of an essay that Thomas Merton wrote way back in 1968. It’s called “Creative Silence.” In it, Merton makes a distinction between negative silence and creative silence. In negative silence, we fret and stew and let our anxieties run off with our thoughts. In creative silence, we experience what Paul Tillich called “the courage to be.”

Creative silence requires a certain kind of faith, Merton says. (If you’re like me, you’re not keen on the word faith. It has a squishy, sentimental, boasty feel to it. So, bear with me here. Merton uses the word in a specific way.)

Faith, says Merton, requires us to cut through the smokescreen of our daily activities, our busyness, the charming or efficient or competent personas we present to the world and to ourselves. Our talky prayers can be a smokescreen. So can the ideas about God that our traditional religions have constructed for us over the centuries.

All those reassuring slogans and routines of religiosity, says Merton, “can become a substitute for the truth of the invisible God of faith, and though this comforting image may seem real to us, he is really a kind of idol.”

We fear genuine silence, Merton says. We are afraid of being alone in the nakedness of our true selves without our usual masks of competence or sociability. Why are we afraid? Because we’ve lost hope of ever reconciling with – of accepting – our true selves.

By faith I think Merton means the willingness to trust that, if we set aside the busyness of our days and the busyness of our thoughts and we go fully into silence, someone – our true selves – will be there to meet us. As will God.

I like Merton’s take on silence. But does that mean I’m about to take up meditating? Time spent in meditation might be like time spent with a Stairmaster or a hair dryer. I might like the results.

No, sitting meditation is not for me right now, but Merton’s silence is. And so, as I snap the spent rhododendron blossoms from their stems, and fold my husband’s T-shirts, and wait for the phone to pick up in Minneapolis, I’ll remember the silence. I’ll listen for that wordless self of mine.

 © 2009 Barbara Falconer Newhall

Sylvia Boorstein. c Christine Alicino

Don’t Just Do Something, Sit There: A Mindfulness Retreat with Sylvia Boorstein, by Sylvia BoorsteinHarper Collins, 1996.

“Creative Silence,” by Thomas Merton, first published in April, 1968, in Bloomin’ Newman, by University of Louisville students. Reprinted in Thomas Merton: Essential Writings, Christine M. Bochen, ed., Modern Spiritual Masters Series, Orbis Books, 2000.

 

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GodsBigBlog: What Non-Believers Think of Obama

For the time being, at least, non-believers seem to be okay with Obama’s stance vis-a-vis religion and spirituality. Check out this story on Politico.com.

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A Case of the Human Condition: Early Late Youth Gives Way to Middle Middle Age

By Barbara Falconer Newhall

It’s time to tell the truth – to myself.

I’m sixty-seven years old.

That’s a big number. Sixty-seven. And I don’t like it one bit.

When I was twenty, I didn’t want to be thirty. When I was forty, I considered fifty a disaster. And now that I’m sixty-seven I don’t want to even think about sixty-seven, let alone sixty-eight. 

To be honest – sort of – I don’t feel old. I can remember World War II, waxed paper and Kukla Fran and Ollie. My knees creak when I get up from the computer. But I don’t feel old.

At Jon's fiftieth reunion -- under the live oak trees at sunset. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

At Jon's fiftieth reunion under the live oak trees at sunset: We felt terrific. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

On the eve of my thirtieth birthday, I dreamt I was approaching “early late youth.” And now, I’m ready to have the dream that tells me I’ve arrived at “middle middle age.” Okay, okay, maybe it’s “late middle middle age.” But no way is it “old age.”

Still, that number, sixty-seven, is a big one. In restaurants, I order from the senior citizen menu. I’ve heard my kids use the word “old” in the same sentence as “Mom” or “Dad.” Most wrenching of all, my high school class – the class of 1959 – has scheduled its fiftieth reunion for October.

My husband’s class – also the class of 1959 – celebrated its fiftieth last weekend. A lovely dinner was held in its honor. Tables were set out on the patio under the oak trees. White tablecloths. Wine glasses. A golden California sunset combined with uncountable refills on the wine softened the mood and the wrinkles around the eyes. We looked terrific. We felt terrific.

Over dessert, Jake, one of the guys in Jon’s class, stood up to make a little speech, closing with a poetic, “For us, the past is bigger than the future.”

After dinner on the way to their cars, the guys in Jon's class couldn't stop talking and laughing. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

After dinner on the way to their cars, the guys in Jon's class couldn't stop talking and laughing. c 2009 B.F. Newhall

“And there’s very little future left,” muttered one of his classmates.

It’s true. Even if I live to ninety or a hundred like my mother and grandmothers, there are now a lot more years behind me than ahead.

Which makes me a rich woman. I have years. Sixty-seven of them. Sixty-eight on my next birthday. A childhood in the Midwest, with glorious summers along Lake Michigan, the impossibly white sand squeaking under my bare feet. A young adulthood in New York and San Francisco and the thrill of seeing my first articles in print. A life with Jon, parenting two babies who – swiftly, relentlessly – became children, then teenagers, then adults.

The old downstairs playroom where Peter and Christina used to ride their trikes and build their forts is now my writing room. Outside my window, a sturdy Monterey pine and the neighborhood doe with her fawns keep me company. On the Internet, I reconnect with old friends once lost in the rush of years. I keep a blog; I write what I damned please.

I have a lot of years. Nobody can take them away from me. And all those years of mine make me feel, not old, but grateful.

© 2009 Barbara Falconer Newhall

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